A growing number of women are turning to steroids, and it's a trend that's raising concerns. While the image of steroid users often brings to mind muscular men, the reality is shifting. Women are increasingly represented in steroid-using communities, and this shift demands our attention and action.
Research reveals a significant increase in steroid use among adult women, with a 2024 systematic review indicating a rise from 1.6% in 2014 to approximately 4%. Among female bodybuilders, the numbers are even more striking, with nearly 17% reporting steroid use. This emerging evidence suggests a significant change in the gender profile of steroid use, even if precise historical data is lacking.
The rise in steroid use among women is likely a reflection of the global trend, with the continued growth of bodybuilding and fitness communities, especially among women in amateur strength sports. While the boom in women's strength training and weightlifting can bring numerous physical and mental health benefits, the simultaneous increase in steroid use warrants concern. Without effective harm reduction strategies, this trend could lead to potential health risks.
So, why are more women turning to steroids? The reasons are multifaceted, but three key factors stand out. Firstly, the rise of strength sports has opened up new avenues for women to feel empowered and physically capable. However, it has also exposed them to online communities where performance-enhancing drugs are normalized. Secondly, social media platforms are filled with "fitfluencers" showcasing dramatic transformations, often promoting the "perfect body" and, in some cases, openly endorsing steroid cycles. Women who follow these influencers may inadvertently find themselves in online spaces where performance-enhancing drugs are considered normal. Lastly, many women are being introduced to performance-enhancing drugs by male friends, partners, or coaches, who may present these substances as necessary for progress or competition.
But the dangers of steroid use are very real, and women may face unique and irreversible side effects. These include facial and body hair growth, deepening of the voice, menstrual changes or infertility, breast tissue reduction, acne, hair loss, clitoral enlargement, and severe mood changes. Additionally, emerging research suggests that many underground steroid products contain toxic contaminants such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium, which are linked to cancer, organ damage, and cardiovascular disease. The long-term risks, including heart disease, stroke, liver damage, and mental health issues, are often overlooked or not discussed enough.
Interviews with women who use steroids reveal a concerning lack of awareness about these dangers. This is partly due to historical research focusing primarily on male steroid use. There's also the issue of stigma, with women reporting harsher judgments when seeking medical help, which can lead to avoidance of health services and increased vulnerability to complications.
So, how can we address this trend? Simply policing steroid use or repeating the outdated message of "just saying no" won't cut it. Instead, we need to adopt more effective strategies. Firstly, health promotion education needs to be tailored to women, with clear and accessible resources that honestly explain the risks without shaming or stigmatizing. Secondly, we need to meet women where they are, which often means engaging with them on social media platforms. Partnering with credible fitness influencers, especially women, can help disseminate accurate information, promote safer training practices, and counter misinformation. Lastly, reducing stigma in healthcare is crucial. Training clinicians to respond without moralizing, similar to how we approach other drug-related issues, would encourage women to seek early support without fear of judgment.
It's time to recognize and address this growing trend among women. By implementing these strategies, we can work towards reducing the risks associated with steroid use and ensuring that women have the information and support they need to make informed decisions about their health.
